A GROUP OF ONE-HANDLED “SARDIS TYPE” AMPHORAE FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE LAKE BASIN (BATHONEA ?)

Abstract

Küçükçekmece Lake, located in Avcılar district of Istanbul, hosted an important LateRoman-Early Byzantine settlement. Archaeological excavations in the KüçükçekmeceLake Basin (Bathonea ?) carried out on the west coast of Lake Küçükçekmece, haveprovided important discoveries of a harbor settlement located in the hinterland ofConstantinople. In the "8th area”, a structure which is thought to be a νοσοκομεῖον(nosokomeion) and a space, related to the structure came to light. It appears that thespace was destroyed by fire and that, in particular, objects in the building were fired.Amphorae, marble mortars, pestles, bone medicine boxes, glasses, spatulas and a largenumber of unguentaria were recovered inside the space. This paper presents a group ofone-handled “Sardis Type” amphorae which were discovered in-situ in the space relatedto the structure. Amphorae and their contents have been examined morphologically andanalogically. According to a morphological examination of the six amphorae found inKüçükçekmece, it is thought that they were produced at the same time and were departed from the same center. On the other hand, samples from other centers (Pyrgouthi,Sucidava, Tomis, Histria, Capidava, Caesarea, and Sardis) classified as belonging to“Sardis Type” amphorae were detected and they are outlined in the paper. By comparison with the clay structure and colours of all amphora samples, It seems that theclay characteristics of the samples (except Caesarea amphora) are very similar, and thecolours of all the amphorae are very close to each other. In terms of form, the closestexample to the Küçükçekmece amphorae is the Pyrgouthi sample. Besides that, theform of the Histria and Tomis amphorae is very close to the Küçükçekmece amphorae,and; the other samples have similar and comparable formal properties. The production site of the “Sardis Type” group is not yet known by archaeologists. The acceptedidea is that the origin of the “Sardis Type” amphora group is in the territory of Sardisbecause of the clay resemblance. In this paper, a total of eighteen amphora samples arecompared according to date and content of the amphorae. All of these amphorae werelikely produced and used in the middle of the 6th – beginning/middle of the 7th c. A.D.It is not clear which product these amphorae were used to transport, but the assumptionis that they were transporting wine because of the traces of resin found in an amphorafrom a well at Sardis. On the other hand, the possibility of unguent/lipid transportingis also crucial.