Detailed modeling of a thermoelectric generator for maximum power point tracking

Abstract

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are used in small power applications to generate electrical energy fromwaste heats. Maximum power is obtained when the connected load to the ends of TEGs matches their internal resistance.However, impedance matching cannot always be ensured. Therefore, TEGs operate at lower efficiency. For this reason,maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are utilized. In this study, both TEGs and a boost converter withMPPT were modeled together. Detailed modeling, simulation, and verification of TEGs depending on the Seebeckcoefficient, the hot/cold side temperatures, and the number of modules in MATLAB/Simulink were carried out. Inaddition, a boost converter having a perturb and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm was added to the TEG modeling.After the TEG output equations were determined, the TEG modeling was performed based on manufacturer data sheets.Thanks to the TEG model and the boost converter with P&O MPPT, the maximum power was tracked with a value of98.64% and the power derived from the TEG was nearly unaffected by the load changes. The power outputs obtainedfrom the system with and without MPPT were compared to emphasize the importance of MPPT. These simulationvalues were verified by using an experimental setup. Ultimately, the proposed modeling provides a system of TEGs anda boost converter having P&O MPPT.